An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial
prosthesis that replaces an absent eye following an enuleatin,
evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
- www.oeclib.in Submitted By: Odisha Electronic Control Library Seminar On Artificial Eye
- Content • Introduction • What is artificial eye? • The History of Artificial Eyes • How eyes work? • Visual System • The Manufacturing Process • The eye • Human Eye Conditions • Three Types of Eye Removal • Possible Conditions Leading to an Artificial Eye • Conclusion and Future Scope • References
- Introduction • In the current scenario, where over millions of people are affected by visual anomalities, it was with a challenge that this project came into being. • It aims at restoring vision to the blind. • Today, high-tech resources in microelectronics, Optoelectronic, computer science, biomedical engineering and also in vitreo retinal surgery are working together to realize a device for the electrical stimulation of the visual system.
- What is artificial eye? • An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration. • The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the eyelids.
- The History of Artificial Eyes • Prior to World War II, ocular prosthetics were made of specialized blown glass that collapsed to form a concave shape. • During and after World War II this glass became increasing difficult to obtain. Soon, acrylic and other plastic polymers were being used for many of the uses previously exclusive to glass. • An exciting use of this new material was for artificial eyes, or ocular prosthetics. Acrylic revolutionized the art and process of making ocular prosthetics.
- How eyes work? • The light coming from an object enters the eye through cornea and pupil. • The eye lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted and diminished image on the retina. • The light sensitive cells of the retina get activated with the incidence of light and generate electric signals.
- Visual System • The human visual system is remarkable instrument. • It features two mobile acquisition units each has formidable preprocessing circuitry placed at a remote location from the central processing system (brain). • Its primary task include transmitting images with a viewing angle of at least 140deg and resolution of 1 arc min over a limited capacity carrier, the million or so fibers in each optic nerve through these fibers the signals are passed to the so called higher visual cortex of the brain.
- The Manufacturing Process
- Human Eye Conditions • The purpose of this section is to provide some background on human eye conditions that can lead to vision loss and eye removal. • Anatomy of the eye • 3 types of eye removal • Orbital eye implants • Possible conditions leading to an artificial eye • Possible conditions leading to a scleral shell • Eye care specialists • Leading causes of eye loss in childen
- Anatomy of the eye
- Three Types of Eye Removal • EVISCERATION- removal of the inner eye contents, iris and cornea; leaving the sclera behind with the extraocular muscles still attached. • ENUCLEATION- removal of the eyeball, leaving the remaining orbital contents intact; extraocular muscles are detached and typically reattached to an orbital implant or fat graft. Indications: tumors, infections, blind painful eye, severe trauma. An artificial eye is fit following this eye surgery. • EXENTERATION- removal of the contents of the eye socket (orbit) including the eyeball, fat, muscles and other adjacent structures of the eye.
- Possible Conditions Leading to an Artificial Eye • ENUCLEATION • BLIND, PAINFUL EYE • OCULAR MELANOMA • TRAUMA • RUPTURED GLOBE • PENETRATING EYE INJURY • PEFORATING EYE INJURY • CATARACT • INFECTION • VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE • ENDOPHTHALMITI
- Conclusion and Future Scope • The application of the research work done is directed towards the people who are visually impaired. • People suffering from low vision to, people who are completely blind will benefit from this project. • The findings regarding biocompatibility of implant materials will aid in other similar attempts for in human machine interface.
- References • www.google.com • www.wikipedia.com
- THANKS
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